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09.10.25. Written & Edited by JANEL ST. JOHN
This season, the East Coast is ablaze with exhibitions honoring three pioneering artists whose work has too long been overlooked: Mavis Pusey at the Institute of Contemporary Art Philadelphia (ICA Philadelphia), Mildred Thompson at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami (ICA Miami), and Vivian Browne at The Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C. Together, these retrospectives underscore a long-overdue recognition of Black women whose insistence on abstraction marked both a refusal and a rebellion. Refusal to be constrained by narrow expectations of what “Black art” should be, and rebellion against the racism and sexism that consistently sought to silence their voices.
Born within a decade of one another, Pusey (1928–2019), Thompson (1936–2003), and Browne (1929–1993) each forged careers in the margins of mainstream recognition, despite their extraordinary talent and presence within the same artistic circles as Romare Bearden, Norman Lewis, Faith Ringgold, Jacob Lawrence, and Emma Amos. They were not minor figures but rather silenced ones - brilliant practitioners, sidelined because they were women, because they were Black, because they would not yield to pressures to create the kind of figurative, overtly political art that institutions demanded. Instead, they created on their own terms, crafting visual languages that drew from urban landscapes, metaphysics, global travels, and personal protest.
That independence feels especially relevant today. Pusey’s compositions inspired by student uprisings in Paris during the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, resonate in an era of renewed global protest. Thompson’s shimmering canvases of cosmic frequencies, rooted in metaphysics and sound, suggest an expansive, liberated space that resists narrow identity categories - an imaginative universe of possibility at a moment when the politics of restriction dominate public discourse. Browne’s "Little Men" series, grotesque and satirical in its portrayal of fragile masculinity, still cuts to the bone of the cultural entitlement that persists today.
At a time when scores of Black women are being forced out of the workplace and positions of prominence, and U.S. history is being scrubbed, these exhibitions feel urgent and necessary. Their art not only resists disappearance - it insists on visibility, resonance, and renewal.
In different ways, each of these women carried the burden of systemic exclusion: discriminatory hiring practices kept Pusey from a tenured position; Thompson was forced into self-exile in Europe to escape the racism and sexism of the New York art world; Browne fought for inclusion while navigating the crosscurrents of the Black Arts and Feminist movements, only to be written out of the dominant narrative. And yet, despite these barriers, they refused erasure. Their paintings, prints, and sculptures survive as radiant acts of persistence, demanding recognition on par with their peers.
Artwork above (detail) Mavis Pusey, Nuvae, mid-1960s. Oil on burlap canvas, 30 x 40 inches. Private collection.
For this feature, we’ve used AI-assisted images to present Pusey, Thompson, and Browne in a way they were rarely celebrated during their lifetimes: dignified, monumental, and centered. Too often, archival photographs of Black women artists were either scarce or poorly preserved. By creating respectful, hyper-realistic portraits, we aim to restore some of the dignity denied to them by an art world that overlooked their brilliance. This act of re-presentation gives visual presence to the recognition these women always deserved.
Mavis Pusey was born in Retreat, Jamaica in 1928. She relocated to New York to study at the Traphagen School of Fashion. After earning a scholarship from the Ford Foundation, she decided to pursue a career as an artist and transferred to the Art Students League of New York. There, she studied under painter Will Barnet between 1961 and 1965. She later worked at Robert Blackburn’s legendary Printmaking Workshop,
from 1969–1972, collaborating with leading artists of the era. As an educator, she taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, among other institutions.
Artwork: Mavis Pusey, Dancers, n.d. Oil on canvas,
37 3/4 x 31 1/2 inches.
Private collection.
ICA Philadelphia presents Mavis Pusey: Mobile Images, an extensive 2-floor retrospective spanning the prolific Jamaica-born artist’s 50-year career. Her first major museum survey, Pusey is known for her use of bold geometric forms. She pioneered a nonrepresentational, hard-edge abstract approach to art-making at a time when Black artists were expected to create work explicitly addressing identity and social unrest. Instead, she created rich abstract paintings and works on paper inspired by her wide-ranging interests in fashion, print-making, and the urban environment of the cities she lived in. Demolition and construction were major themes in her work. She produced an entire series, “Broken Construction” (1960s–1990s) exploring ideas of destruction and renewal as a metaphor for societal change.
On view thru December 7, 2025, the show features more than 60 works – including paintings, drawings, and prints and archival materials that explore the influences that led Pusey to develop her unique visual language through experimentation with geometric abstraction. Tracing her journey from Jamaica to New York, London, Paris, Philadelphia, and Virginia, Mobile Images follows the evolution of her work and offers a long-overdue reexamination of her impact on American abstraction and beyond. Seven newly discovered paintings, are on view for the first time alongside key works moving through each period of Pusey’s creative trajectory.
The show is co-organized with the Studio Museum in Harlem, where it will travel in the spring of 2027.
Mildred Thompson was born in Jacksonville, FL, in 1936. Her first formal training was in Howard University's legendary art department under the mentorship of James A. Porter. He helped her receive a scholarship for summer study at the Skowhegan School of Painting in Maine. She also studied at the Brooklyn Museum School and University of Fine Arts in Hamburg (Hochschule für Bildende Künste).
Thompson was also an educator and served as associate editor of Art Papers from 1989 to 1997. Her work has been the subject of solo exhibitions at numerous institutions across the U.S.
Artwork: Mildred Thompson, Untitled,
c. 1994, Oil on vinyl
73 ½ x 55 ¼ in.
ICA Miami presents Mildred Thompson: Frequencies, the most comprehensive survey to date, for the defining multi-disciplinary artist. On view thru October 12, 2025, the exhibition showcases Thompson’s practice, through 50 works produced from 1959 to 1999, providing the first complete picture of her wide range of influences.
A restless innovator, she worked across painting, sculpture, drawing, assemblage, and music, throughout her career. While abstraction was central to her practice, her earliest works also engaged with figuration and architecture.
She relocated from the U.S. to Germany in the late 1950s in search of greater opportunities after facing racism and sexism in the U.S. After returning to New York for a few years, encounters with the same roadblocks prompted her to return West Germany, where she stayed for over a decade.
Thompson transformed science, music, and philosophy into bold abstract visions. Her radiant swirls and cosmic patterns - early echoes of Afro-Futurism - imagined worlds beyond the limits of racism and sexism. From her wood constructions of the 1970s to her later paintings inspired by cosmology and quantum physics, Thompson’s work pushes viewers to think about scale, energy, and the mysteries of existence, securing her place as one of abstraction’s most visionary voices.
Vivian Browne was born in Laurel, FL in 1929, and grew up in Queens, New York. She received both her BS and MFA from Hunter College in NY. A faculty member at Rutgers University from 1971 to 1992, she studied at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria in 1972. Browne was the first director of the Black Emergency Cultural Coalition, (BECC) and in 1971, became a member of Where We At (WWA) - a community of Black women artists fighting for visibility in the predominantly male-led Black Arts Movement.
See AROUND THE WORLD with Co-Curator
Vivian Browne , New Yorkers No. 14, c. 1966, Oil on paper, 24 x 17 3/4 in. Courtesy of Adobe Krow Archives, Los Angeles, and RYAN LEE Gallery, New York. © Vivian Browne
The Phillips Collection presents Vivian Browne: My Kind of Protest, the first comprehensive museum retrospective of the artist, activist, and educator’s four-decade career and contributions to 20th-century American art. Browne is known for her distinctive approach to color and form and works that blend deeply personal narratives with sharp social commentary. On view thru September 28, 2025, the show brings together over 60 paintings and works on paper across several key series, recently discovered works and ephemera from her estate.
Browne maintained a studio in Manhattan’s vibrant SoHo neighborhood from 1968 until her death in 1993. She practiced alongside friends such as Faith Ringgold and Benny Andrews, who shared her commitment to fighting for equal representation of women and artists of color during the Black Arts and Feminist Art Movements of the 1960s and 1970s. She was part of the BECC, a group of artist activists that protested the exclusionary practices of New York museums and organized alternative exhibitions and programs to support Black artists. In the 1980s and early 1990s, she split her time between New York and California, teaching at UC Santa Cruz and spending time in the redwood forests.
While politically engaged, she was opposed to the expectations placed on Black artists. “During the Civil Rights Era, one had to paint Black themes, Black people, Black ideas . . . I didn’t. I was painting my kind of protest,” she said. Informed by what she described as “emotional landscape(s),” her paintings and prints address the politics of race and gender, respond to her international experiences, and reflect on her love of nature. MORE.
For You , 1974, Oil on canvas, 46 3/4 x 50 3/4 in.
Courtesy of Adobe Krow Archives, Los Angeles, and RYAN LEE Gallery, New York. © Vivian Browne
Wall Street Jump , 1969, Oil on canvas
Courtesy of Adobe Krow Archives, CA, and RYAN LEE Gallery, NY (Little Men Series)
Wood Picture, c. 1965 Found wood, nails, iron angles, 18 ⅛ x 17 ½ x 4 ¾ in (46 x 44.5 x 12.1 cm)
Frozen Vibration, 1968. Screenprint, 20 5/8 x 27 7/16 inches; sheet: 26 3/8 x 33 5/16 in. Private collection.
Artwork below: Vivian Browne , Bini Apron, 1973, Acrylic on canvas, 49 3/4 x 51 3/4 in., The Phillips Collection, Gift of Adobe Krow Archives for Vivian Browne, Los Angeles. Image courtesy of RYAN LEE Gallery, New York, 2024. © Vivian Browne
Vivian Browne
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